Tuesday, March 11, 2008

Monday, March 3, 2008

Teaching Every Student in the Digital Age by Dr. David Rose

QuickNote Organizer
Name: Katie DeFilippo
Date: March 3
Hour: 2:02
Your Mood: tired but content

Chapter 2 - “What Brain Research Tells us About Learner Differences”

1. What does learning looking like?

2. What parts of the brain are used when learning?

3. Framework - starts with division of brain function and anatomy
- cortex, back of brain, recognizing objects in the world = recognition networks

4. Front half of cortex - mid brain to forehead - act skillfully and strategically in the world = walking, talking, planning to dance, or write an essay

5. Center of nervous system, affective networks = help evaluate what is important, what does the nervous system what is important (hungrey = food)

Chapter 3 - “Why We Need Flexible Instructional Media”

1. complementary veiw of learning

2. Learning materials, instructional technologies, not the learner

3. Fixed media; book, speech - used frequently

3. Digital media - flexable for individual differences, transformed

Chaper 4 - “What is Universal Design for Learning” -

1. Really means to create environments in digital age

2. Origin comes from architecture - changes made for buildings helped show an understanding for the need for changes for people

3. Way are goals are set, How are objectives universal

4. Methods need to vary for ALL students need, look beyond text books

5. Assessment needs to be universal, more acurate of what the students know based on their needs.

Chapter 5 approaches goals - using UDL to set clear goals

1. Gives examples, cases, and how to's to set goals for a universal approach

2. Know the purpose of the goals, and makeing sure there are multiple ways for students to obtain the goal

Chapter 6 - materials and methods for reaching goals

1. Specfically for individual instruction in a classroom of more then one student

2. Critical features

3. Support background knowledge so the lack of does not impair students learning

Chapter 7 - focuses on assessment

1. Barriers of assessment and change it, fix it, and obtain more accurate goals

Chapter 8 - “Making Universal Design for Learning a Reality.”

1. Making universal design for learning possible in the classroom

2. No school that is perfect, this work is not perfect = it is an approach

3. No fixed blue print to the "perfect" classes and schools

4. Encourages ideas to use within the school that should direct them toward a universal design way

Vocabulary

Mameluke

Mameluke (b. 1948) was an American Thoroughbred race horse owned by Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney. Ridden by jockey Raymond Adair, and trained by Sylvester Veitch, Mameluke won the 1951 Blue Grass Stakes but in that year's Kentucky Derby, the horse pulled up lame, finishing last.

In 1952, Mameluke won the Metropolitan Handicap.

References


Category: Social History. Mameluke. Member of a military elite which ruled Egypt from about 1250 until 1517 AD. It continued to retain great power until about 1811. The original memelukes were slaves and the term has been retained in this context in Moslem countries,


Join the WikiAnswers Q&A community. Post a question or answer questions about "Mameluke" at WikiAnswers.


Copyrights:

Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Mameluke". Read mor

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debenture

(dĭ-bĕn'chər) pronunciation
n.
  1. A certificate or voucher acknowledging a debt.
  2. An unsecured bond issued by a civil or governmental corporation or agency and backed only by the credit standing of the issuer.
  3. A customhouse certificate providing for the payment of a drawback.

[Middle English debentur, from Latin dēbentur, they are due (probably the first word appearing on certificates of indebtedness), third person pl. passive of dēbēre, to owe.]


A type of debt instrument that is not secured by physical asset or collateral. Debentures are backed only by the general creditworthiness and reputation of the issuer. Both corporations and governments frequently issue this type of bond in order to secure capital. Like other types of bonds, debentures are documented in an indenture.

Investopedia Says:
Debentures have no collateral. Bond buyers generally purchase debentures based on the belief that the bond issuer is unlikely to default on the repayment. An example of a government debenture would be any government-issued Treasury bond (T-bond) or Treasury bill (T-bill). T-bonds and T-bills are generally considered risk free because governments, at worst, can print off more money or raise taxes to pay these type of debts.

Related Links:
Gain insight into the functions of the U.S. Treasury. We look at how and why it issues debt. What Fuels The National Debt?
Here we explain how to evaluate whether a company's debt will pose a threat to investors. When Companies Borrow Money
Investing in bonds - What are they, and do they belong in your portfolio? Bond Basics Tutorial
For investors considering buying debt securities, a credit rating is an essential tool. What Is A Corporate Credit Rating?


An unsecured Note or Bond.
Example: Abel invests in debentures of the XYZ Corporation; Baker invests in a First Mortgage on a building owned by XYZ Corporation. The XYZ Corporation Bankrupts. Ultimately Baker receives full payment for the mortgage upon the Foreclosure Sale. Abel is a general creditor and receives only 18 cents per dollar owed to him.

Long-term debt instrument that is not secured by a mortgage or other lien on specific property. Because it is unsecured debt, it is issued usually by large, financially strong companies with excellent Bond Ratings. There are two kinds of debentures: a senior issue and a subordinated (junior) issue, which has a subordinate lien. The order of a prior claim is set forth in the bond Indenture. Typically, in the event of liquidation, subordinated debentures come after senior debt.

(dəbĕn'chər) , document acknowledging indebtedness. In Great Britain a debenture is practically the same as a bond, and debenture stock is similar to preferred stock. In the United States the term is usually employed for a corporation certificate without special security, such as a mortgage, to back it up. Debentures are generally issued by service corporations that have few mortgageable assets, or by blue-chip companies that are stable enough to invite unsecured loans. In a typical debenture, the corporation promises to repay the principal either periodically or on a specified date, and with regular interest. The term is also used for a document by which a government is bound to pay a creditor money due after some condition has been fulfilled.


Law Encyclopedia: Debenture
This entry contains information applicable to United States law only.

[Latin, Are due.] A promissory note or bond offered by a corporation to a creditor in exchange for a loan, the repayment of which is backed only by the general creditworthiness of the corporation and not by a mortgage or a lien on any specific property.

Debentures are usually offered in issues under an indenture, a document that sets the terms of the exchange. A debenture is usually a bearer instrument. When it is presented for payment, the person in possession of it will be paid, even if the person is not the original creditor. Coupons representing annual or semi-annual payments of interest on the debt are attached, to be clipped and presented for payment on their due dates. They may be deposited in, and collected by, the banks of holders of the debentures, the creditors of the corporation.

A convertible debenture is one that can be changed or converted, at the option of its holder, into shares of stock, usually common stock, at a fixed ratio as stated in the indenture. The ratio can be adjusted in light of stock dividends; otherwise the value of converting the debt into securities would be worth less than retaining the debenture until its date of maturity.

A subordinate debenture is one that will be repaid only after other corporate debts have been satisfied.

A convertible subordinate debenture is one that is subject or subordinate to the prior repayment of other debts of the corporation but which can be converted into another form of security.

A sinking fund debenture is one whereby repayment is secured by periodic payments by the corporation into a sinking fund, an amount of money made up of corporate assets and earnings that are set aside for the repayment of designated debentures and long-term debts.

Wikipedia: debenture

In finance, a debenture is a long-term debt instrument used by governments and large companies to obtain funds. It is similar to a bond except the securitization conditions are different. A debenture is usually unsecured in the sense that there are no liens or pledges on specific assets. It is however, secured by all properties not otherwise pledged. In the case of bankruptcy debenture holders are considered general creditors.

The advantage of debentures to the issuer is they leave specific assets burden free, and thereby leave them open for subsequent financing.

Debentures are generally freely transferrable by the debenture holder.

Debenture holders

In the United Kingdom debentures have frequently been used as a mechanism for raising funds to build or finance sports or leisure venues. Often these debentures pay little or no interest, but entitle the holder to privileges, usually tickets for the venue. For example, the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club first issued debentures in 1920 in order to purchase the current premises in Wimbledon, London, and debenture issues take place every five years. The 2001-2005 debenture issue was priced at £2,000 each, with an additional premium of £18,000, and Value Added Tax of £3,150; holders of these debentures are entitled to a free seat in the Centre Court Stand for each day of the championships for five years, and have access to exclusive lounge and catering facilities. At the Royal Albert Hall debenture holders are known as members; they own rights to individual boxes, and are entitled to view almost all performances. In 2003 Box 70 was offered on the open market for £250,000 [1]. Other stadia financed through the issue of debentures include Millennium Stadium, Wembley Stadium, Arsenal, Twickenham Stadium, Lord's Cricket Ground, and Trent Bridge in Nottingham.''

Nomenclature

In practice the distinction between bond and debenture is not always maintained. Bonds are sometimes called debentures and vice-versa.

In some countries (notably the United Kingdom), the term debenture is also frequently used by the legal profession as shorthand for a security document which creates fixed and floating charges over all of the property of the chargor. This usage derives from the frequent inclusion of provisions for security interests in conventional debt instruments.

See also


Translations: Debenture

Dansk (Danish)
n. - obligation, partialobligation

Nederlands (Dutch)
obligatie, mandaat tot restitutie van douanerechten

Français (French)
n. - certificat de drawback (douanes), (Fin) obligation, bon

Deutsch (German)
n. - Obligation, Schuldverschreibung

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - (οικον.) μακροπρόθεσμο εταιρικό ομόλογο ή ομολογία σταθερού επιτοκίου

Italiano (Italian)
obbligazione

Português (Portuguese)
n. - debênture (m)

Русский (Russian)
вексель

Español (Spanish)
n. - obligación, bono o pagaré con interés fijo

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - skuldsedel, skuldebrev

中文(简体) (Chinese (Simplified))
公司债券, 退税证明书

中文(繁體) (Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 公司債券, 退稅證明書

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 채무 증서, 회사채, 무담보 회사채

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 負債証書, 社債, 社債券

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) قيد التزام بدين ( يمثل قيمه قرض منح من شركه مثلا بفائدة محددة لحين سداده)‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮איגרת חוב‬


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Copyrights:

Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2007. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Read more
Investment Dictionary. Copyright ©2000, Investopedia.com - Owned and Operated by Investopedia Inc. All rights reserved. Read more
Real Estate Dictionary. Dictionary of Real Estate Terms. Copyright © 2004 by Barron's Educational Series, Inc. All rights reserved. Read more
Accounting Dictionary. Dictionary of Accounting Terms. Copyright © 2005 by Barron's Educational Series, Inc. All rights reserved. Read more
Columbia Encyclopedia. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright © 2003, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/cup/ Read more
Law Encyclopedia. West's Encyclopedia of American Law. Copyright © 1998 by The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved. Read more
Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Debenture". Read more
Translations. Copyright © 2007, WizCom Technologies Ltd. All rights reserved. Read more

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